Nutrient Recovery from Human Urine Using Pretreated Zeolite and Struvite Precipitation in Combination with Freezing‐Thawing and Plant Availability Tests on Common Wheat     

Zsófia Ganrot  Andreas Slivka  Göran Dave 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(1):45-52

The nutrient rich fractions in wastewater originating from human urine and can be recovered as solids for more efficient recycling, facilitated handling and storage for reuse in agriculture. Freezing and thawing can be used to concentrate the urine nutrients. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) can be precipitated as struvite [(Mg,Ca)(K,NH₄)(PO₄)·6H₂O] by adding MgO and additional nitrogen can be recovered by using zeolites. The zeolite in this study was pretreated in two ways: (i) washed and (ii) washed and thermally treated. The P recovery was high (> 97%) and the N recovery was ca. 50 to 60%. There was no significant difference in the nitrogen recovery among the different pretreated zeolites or between the pretreated and the untreated zeolite. Freezing had a positive effect on the nutrient concentration. The acute toxicity of the supernatants was tested on Daphnia magna to evaluate the possibilities of discharging the remaining supernatants to a recipient. The supernatants from the frozen treatments and from the unfrozen and washed zeolites were much less toxic than those of the original urine. The minerals acted as slow‐release fertilizers in climate chamber tests on spring wheat.  相似文献   

盐田生态系统结构分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李岿然  白洁  李淑霞  李永祺 《海洋科学》1998,22(5):36-39

采用系统结构式Ｆ（Ｘｔ,Ｘｔ－１,Ｙｔ,Ｚｔ,ａ,Ｕｔ）＝０,对盐田生态系统的结构进行定量分析,建立了揭示系统内变量间数量关系的回归模型。  相似文献   

海洋异养浮游细菌生物量及生产力的制约因素   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

白洁  张昊飞  李岿然  孙靖 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(4):594-602

根据海洋异养浮游细菌既是分解者，又是生产者的特点，从生态学方面探讨了海洋异养浮游细菌在海洋生态系统中的作用、研究现状及细菌生物量和生产力的制约因素。认为具有重要生态学意义的海洋异养浮游细菌生物量和生产力的主要影响因素有溶解性有机碳的性质及含量、无机营养盐浓度、海水温度、微量金属元素(如铁)含量、海洋异养浮游动物的摄食能力和噬菌体的感染等。  相似文献   

多环芳烃类标准物质使用时效性评价   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

缪德仁  刘玉龙  张晓然  陈宏坤 《岩矿测试》2010,29(2):109-112

为对半挥发性有机化合物标准物质的正确使用提供指导,选用美国ChemSevice公司生产的PPH-10RPM"甲醇中16种多环芳烃混合标准物质",将其分装于2 mL聚四氟乙烯衬盖棕色螺口样品瓶中于-18℃避光贮存,采用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器方法测试各个特性量值随贮存时间的变化。结果表明,标准物质各个特性量测量的标准偏差在0.3~4.0μg/mL,最大相对标准偏差为3.92%。在置信度为95%时,2χ-检验表明测试结果的精密度适当,评价的测试方法可行;标准物质各特性量值在(100.0±7.2)μg/mL时,测量的偏差不显著。分装后的标准物质至多可保存80天,具体的保存期限还应结合标准物质所剩的有效期确定。  相似文献   

安徽龙瀑隧道开挖地应力释放率研究     

董建辉  钱江澎  魏良帅  唐然 《四川地质学报》2012,32(3):328-332,350

安徽省龙瀑隧道是我国首次采用半明半暗通透肋式拱梁异型结构,其隧道开挖是在山体浅表层进行暗洞开挖,既要考虑到隧道围岩本身的稳定性又要注意到隧道所在山体整体的稳定性.隧道开挖后地应力到底是如何释放的?目前在国内是个空白,研究通过资料整理,对位移变化较明显的两支多点位移计进行重点分析;根据经验反馈法分离出控制性结构面张开的位移;并通过数值模拟建立一个目标函数,将数值模拟中监测点的位移结果与修正后的实测监测点位移结果进行对比,最终确定了龙瀑隧道的最佳地应力释放率在60％～70％之间[1].  相似文献   

On the Arctic Ocean ice thickness response to changes in the external forcing     

Christian Stranne  G?ran Bj?rk 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(12):3007-3018

Submarine and satellite observations show that the Arctic Ocean ice cover has undergone a large thickness reduction and a decrease in the areal extent during the last decades. Here the response of the Arctic Ocean ice cover to changes in the poleward atmospheric energy transport, F _wall, is investigated using coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean column models. Two models with highly different complexity are used in order to illustrate the importance of different internal processes and the results highlight the dramatic effects of the negative ice thickness—ice volume export feedback and the positive surface albedo feedback. The steady state ice thickness as a function of F _wall is determined for various model setups and defines what we call ice thickness response curves. When a variable surface albedo and snow precipitation is included, a complex response curve appears with two distinct regimes: a perennial ice cover regime with a fairly linear response and a less responsive seasonal ice cover regime. The two regimes are separated by a steep transition associated with surface albedo feedback. The associated hysteresis is however small, indicating that the Arctic climate system does not have an irreversible tipping point behaviour related to the surface albedo feedback. The results are discussed in the context of the recent reduction of the Arctic sea ice cover. A new mechanism related to regional and temporal variations of the ice divergence within the Arctic Ocean is presented as an explanation for the observed regional variation of the ice thickness reduction. Our results further suggest that the recent reduction in areal ice extent and loss of multiyear ice is related to the albedo dependent transition between seasonal and perennial ice i.e. large areas of the Arctic Ocean that has previously been dominated by multiyear ice might have been pushed below a critical mean ice thickness, corresponding to the above mentioned transition, and into a state dominated by seasonal ice.  相似文献   

Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles in the north‐eastern Atlantic during ACE‐2     

Erik Swietlicki  Jingchuan Zhou  David S. Covert  Kaarle Hämeri  Bernhard Busch  Minna Väkeva  Ulrike Dusek  Olle H. Berg  Alfred Wiedensohler  Pasi Aalto  Jyrki Mäkelä  Bengt G. Martinsson  Giorgos Papaspiropoulos  Besim Mentes  Göran Frank  Frank Stratmann 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):201-227

  相似文献   

Reconstructing the Younger Dryas ice dammed lake in the Baltic Basin: Bathymetry, area and volume   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martin Jakobsson  Svante Bjrck  Gran Alm  Thomas Andrn  Greger Lindeberg  Nils-Olof Svensson 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,57(3-4):355-370

A digital 3D-reconstruction of the Baltic Ice Lake's (BIL) configuration during the termination of the Younger Dryas cold phase (ca. 11 700 cal. yr BP) was compiled using a combined bathymetric–topographic Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Scandinavian ice sheet limits, Baltic Sea Holocene bottom sediment thickness information, and a paleoshoreline database maintained at the Lund University. The bathymetric–topographic DTM, assembled from publicly available data sets, has a resolution of 500 × 500 m on Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection allowing area and volume calculations of the BIL to be made with an unprecedented accuracy. When the damming Scandinavian ice sheet margin eventually retreated north of Mount Billingen, the high point in terrain of Southern central Sweden bordering to lower terrain further to the north, the BIL was catastrophically drained resulting in a 25 m drop of the lake level. With our digital reconstruction, we estimate that approximately 7800 km³ of water drained during this event and that the ice dammed lake area was reduced by ca. 18%. Building on previous results suggesting drainage over 1 to 2 years, our lake volume calculations imply that the freshwater flux to the contemporaneous sea in the west was between about 0.12 and 0.25 Sv. The BIL reconstruction provides new detailed information on the paleogeography in the area of southern Scandinavia, both before and after the drainage event, with implications for interpretations of geological records concerning the post-glacial environmental development.  相似文献   

Flow of Canadian basin deep water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean     

Göran Björk  Leif G. Anderson  Martin Jakobsson  Dennis Antony  Björn Eriksson  Patrick B. Eriksson  Benjamin Hell  Sofia Hjalmarsson  Timothy Janzen  Sara Jutterström  Johanna Linders  Ludvig Löwemark  Christian Marcussen  K. Anders Olsson  Bert Rudels  Emma Sellén  Morten Sølvsten 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(4):577-586

The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data show that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross-slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.  相似文献   

Approval of Wolves in Scandinavia: A Comparison Between Norway and Sweden     

Olve Krange  Camilla Sandström  Torvald Tangeland  Göran Ericsson 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1127-1140

Based on Norwegian and Swedish representative national samples, and samples from areas with large mammalian carnivores present, we investigated whether well-known predictors for approval of wolves may explain between-country differences. Swedes were in general more positive than Norwegians were, while respondents in large carnivore areas, regardless of nationality, were less positive. The profile of those who approved wolf presence was the same in all samples. The difference between the samples was greater in Sweden, indicating that the relationship between urbanized and rural areas is more polarized in Sweden compared to Norway. We suggest this to be an effect of the fact that Norway’s large carnivore and agriculture policies favor the rural population, and of a higher degree of urbanization in Sweden. We recommend future studies to look into the different power relations between people living in urban and rural areas, comparing countries with different degree of urbanization.  相似文献